The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system is a grid-based method of specifying locations longitude and lattitude on the surface of the Earth. logitude and latitude It is used to identify locations on the earth, but differs longitude and latatude from the traditional method of latitude and longitude in several respects.
The UTM system longitude and laitude is not a map projection. The system does, however, employ a series of sixty zones, each of which longatude and latitude is based on a specifically defined Transverse Mercator projection.
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Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Definitions
- 2.1 UTM latitude and longitude longitude zone
- 2.2 UTM latitude zone
- 2.3 Notation
- 2.4 Exceptions
- 3 Locating longitude and latitude latitude and longitude map a position using UTM coordinates
- 4 See latitude and longitude maps also
- 5 External links
- 6 References
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History
The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system was developed world map with longitude and latitude lines by the United States Army in 1947. The system was based on an ellipsoidal model of world map with longitude and latitude the Earth. For areas within the conterminous United States, the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid was latitude and longitude finder used. For the remaining areas of the Earth, including latitude and longitude for fourth grade Hawaii, the International Ellipsoid was used. Currently, longitude and latitude map the WGS84 ellipsoid is used as the underlying model of the Earth in latitude and longitude of london england the UTM coordinate system.
Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator maps with latitude and longitude coordinate system, several European nations demonstrated the utility of grid-based conformal maps by mapping their territory atlas latitude and longitude during the interwar period. Calculating the distance between two points on these maps could latitude and longitude activities be performed more easily in the latitude and longitude lesson plans field (using the Pythagorean theorem) than was otherwise possible using latitude and longitude worksheets the trigonometric formulas required under the graticule-based system of latitude and latitude and longitude calculator longitude. In the post-war years, these concepts were extended into the Universal Transverse Mercator / Universal Polar Stereographic (UTM/UPS) teaching latitude and longitude coordinate system, which is a global (or Universal) system of grid-based latitude and longitude worksheet maps.
Definitions
UTM longitude zone
Simplified view of map showing latitude and longitude US UTM longitude zones.
The UTM system divides the surface of the Earth worksheets on latitude and longitude between 80° S latitude and 84° N latitude into 60 zones, each 6° of longitude in width and world maps with latitude and longitude centered over a meridian of longitude. Zones are numbered from 1 to 60. Zone 1 is bounded by map with latitude and longitude longitude 180° to 174° W and is centered on the latitude and longitude lessons 177th West meridian. Zone numbering increases in an easterly direction.
Each of longitude and latitude lines the 60 longitude zones use latitude and longitude to find address in the UTM system is based on a Transverse Mercator projection, latitude and longitude locator which is capable of mapping a region of large north-south extent with a low amount of distortion. longitude and latitude activities By using narrow zones of 6° in width, and reducing the scale factor along the central map of japan with longitude and latitude meridian to 0.9996, (a reduction of 1:2500) the amount arizona map with latitude and longitude of distortion is held below 1 part in 1,000 inside latitude and longitude of cities each zone. Distortion of scale increases to 1.0010 at the longitude and latitude finder outer zone boundaries along the equator.
The reduction in the scale factor along the central meridian creates two lines of true longitude and latitude ofthe great sphinx scale located approximately 180 km on either side of, and approximately latitude and longitude lesson plan parallel to, the central meridian. The latitude and longitude map of the world scale factor is too small inside these lines and too large outside of latitude and longitude of european cities these lines, but the overall distortion scale inside the entire zone is minimized.
UTM latitude zone
The UTM system segments each longitude zone find latitude and longitude coordinates into 20 latitude zones. Each latitude zone is 8 latitude and longitude lesson degrees high, and is lettered starting from "C" at 80° S, increasing up the English alphabet until "X", omitting the letters "I" and latitude and longitude of kentucky "O" (because of their similarity to the digits one and latitude and longitude search zero). The last latitude zone, "X", is extended an lesson plans on latitude and longitude extra 4 degrees, so it ends at 84° N latitude, thus covering the longitude and latitude coordinates northern most land on Earth. Latitude zones "A" and "B" do exist, as longitude and latitude iowa map do zones "Y" and Z". They cover the western and eastern sides of the antarctic and search by latitude and longitude arctic regions respectively. A convenient trick to remember is that the virtual latitude and longitude for fourth grade letter "N" is the first letter in the northern hemisphere, so world map with latitude and longitude any letter coming before "N" in the alphabet is in finding latitude and longitude the southern hemisphere, and any letter "N" or after is in latitude and longitude of hawaii the northern hemisphere.
Notation
Each grid square is referred lesson plans for latitude and longitude to by the longitude zone number and the latitude zone character. The longitude zone is always written lookup longitude and latitude first, followed by the latitude zone. For example (see image, map showing longitude and latitude top right), a position in Toronto, Canada, would find itself in longitude zone 17 and latitude northeastern latitude and longitude location zone "T", thus the full reference is "17T".
Exceptions
These longitude and latitude zones are uniform over a map with latitude and longitude the globe, except in two areas. On the southwest coast of Norway, the UTM zone latitude and longitude of london 32V is extended further west, and the zone 31V is correspondingly shrunk to cover map of florida with longitude and latitude only open water. Also, in the region around map showing latitude and longitude of asheville nc murphy nc Svalbard, the longitude zones are given double outline maps with longitude and latitude their normal width.
Picture gallery: latitude and longitude coordinates UTM zones in various parts latitude and longitude globe of the world
Locating a position using UTM coordinates
A position on the Earth is referenced latitude and longitude lines in the UTM system by the UTM longitude zone, the projected distance latitude and longitude of florida of the position from the latitude and longitude of russia central meridian -- called the easting -- and the projected distance of the point from the equator -- called the northing. The point latitude and longitude world map of origin of each UTM zone is the intersection of the equator map of massachusetts with latitude and longitude and the zone's central meridian. In order to map of oklahoma with latitude and longitude lines avoid dealing with negative numbers, the map of the pacific ocean showing latitude and longitude central meridian of each zone is given a "false easting" maps by latitude and longitude value of 500,000 meters. Thus, anything west of the central meridian will have an easting less than 500,000 maps with longitude and latitude meters. For example, UTM eastings range from 167,000 meters to 833,000 meters at the equator (these ranges narrow worksheets on longitude and latitude towards the poles). In the northern hemisphere, deserts and where their latitude and longitude positions are measured northward from the find latitude and longitude for china equator, which has an initial "northing" value of 0 meters and a maximum "northing" value of approximately 9,328,000 find longitude and latitude meters at the 84th parallel -- the maximum northern extent of finding a latitude and longitude location the UTM zones. In the southern latitude and longitude american cities hemisphere, northings decrease as you go southward from the equator, which is given a "false northing" latitude and longitude globes of 10,000,000 meters so that no point within the zone longitude and latitude of cities has a negative northing value.
As an example, the CN Tower is located at the geographic position 43°38′33.24″N, 79°23′13.7″W. This longitude and latitude of paris is in longitude zone 17, and the grid position longitude and latitude of the black sea is 630084m east, 4833438m north.
The latitude zone is unnecessary if the full distance from longitude and latitude world map the equator look up latitude and longitude is given (as above) and the hemisphere is known. It does, however, become important when further sub-division of map of guatemala's latitude and longitude the UTM grid is undertaken, such as in the military grid map of hiroshima with longitude and latitude reference system.
Overlapping Grids
Distortion of scale increases in each UTM zone printable worksheets latitude and longitude as the boundaries between the longitude zones are the exact longitude and latitude of portland maine approached. However, it is often convenient or necessary to measure a series of a world map showing latitude and longitude locations on a single grid when some are located in two adjacent zones. Around the boundaries of large scale maps cape town, south africa latitude and longitude points (1:100,000 or larger) equator longitude and latitude coordinates for both adjoining UTM zones are usually printed within a minimum distance of 40 km on either side explain longitude and latitude of a zone boundary. Ideally, the coordinates of each position should be find address given latitude and longitude measured on the grid for the zone in which they how to find latitude and longitude are located, but because the scale factor is still relatively kentucky's latitude and longitude small near zone boundaries, it is possible to overlap measurements into an latitude and longitude of china adjoining zone for some distance when necessary.
See also
Military grid reference system
MTM (Modified Transverse latitude and longitude of united states capitals Mercator)
External links
- U.S. Geological Survey UTM Grid Fact latitude information and longitude Sheet
- National Geodetic Survey (U.S.) UTM Utilities
- [1] TM8358.1: Datums, Ellipsoids, Grids and Grid lines of latitude and lines of longitude Referece Systems
- [2] TM8358.2: Defense Mapping Agency Technical Manual 8358.2 The Universal locating the moons position longitude and latitude Grids: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS)
- Converting Latitude/Longitude to Universal Transverse Mercator locations showing latitude and longitude (UTM)
- UTM Zones
- UTM conversion library written in Perl
- UTM conversion library written longitude and latitude lessons in Python
- GIS MGRS Grid Data layers and UTM zones in GIS Format
- Converting UTM to Latitude and Longitude (Or longitude and latitude of the colosseum Vice Versa)
- GEOTRANS Geographic Translator software and source code longitude and latitude worksheets from the US National Geospatial-Intelligence map of united states with lines of longitude and latitude Agency
References
Snyder, John P. (1987). Map Projections - A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. United States Government Printing odessa, ukraine latitude and longitude Office, Washington, D.C..
Category: Geographic coordinate systems